Reedly Road Deep Blue, Pharuz

Deep Blue

was a chess-playing computer developed by IBM.

Deep Blue was the first computer system to win a chess game against a reigning world champion (Garry Kasparov)

under regular time controls. This first win occurred on February 10, 1996, and Deep Blue - Kasparov, 1996, Game 1

is a famous chess game. However, Kasparov won 3 games and drew 2 of the following games, beating Deep Blue

by a score of 4-2.

Deep Blue was then heavily upgraded (unofficially nicknamed "Deeper Blue") and played Kasparov again in May

1997, winning the six-game rematch 3.5-2.5, ending on May 11th. The final game is at Deep Blue - Kasparov, 1997,

Game 6. Deep Blue thus became the first computer system to defeat a reigning world champion in a match under

standard chess tournament time controls.

A rematch, that has been called

"the most

spectacular chess event in

history"

After the lost match, Kasparov said that he sometimes saw deep intelligence and creativity in the

machine's moves, which he could not understand. He also suggested that humans may have helped the

machine during the match. He demanded a rematch, but IBM declined and retired Deep Blue. In 2003 a

documentary film was made that explored these claims entitled Game Over: Kasparov and the Machine.

In part these allegations were correct. The rules provided for the developers to modify the program

between games, an opportunity they took with abandon. The code was modified between games to

understand Kasparov's playstyle better, allowing it to avoid a trap in the final game that the AI had fallen

for twice before.

Feng-hsiung Hsu later claimed in his book Behind Deep Blue: Building the Computer that Defeated the

World Chess Champion that he had the rights to use the Deep Blue design to build a bigger machine

independently of IBM to take Kasparov's rematch offer, but Kasparov refused to agree to a rematch (see

also Hsu's open letter about the rematch linked below).

One of the two racks that made up Deep Blue is on display at the National Museum of American History in

their exhibit about the Information Age; the other rack appears at the Computer History Museum in their

"Mastering The Game: A History of Computer Chess" exhibit.

Pharaoh, of ancient Egypt, meaning "mind on fire" or "enlightened mind" in the context of Pharos Nous.

History of the Pharos:

Pharos was a small island just off the coast of Alexandria. It was linked to the mainland by a man-made

connection

named the Heptastadion, which thus formed one side of the city's harbor. As the Egyptian coast is

very flat and lacking in

the kind of landmark used at the time for navigation, a marker of some sort at the

mouth of the harbour was deemed

necessary - a function the Pharos was initially designed to serve. Use of

the building as a lighthouse, with a fire and

reflective mirrors at the top, is thought to date to around the 1st

century AD, during the Roman period. Prior to that time

the Pharos served solely as a navigational landmark.

then a third cylindrical level. At its top there was a lantern crowned with a statue of Poseidon. From the fourth

to 14th

however, the mighty structure was destroyed by a series of earthquakes.

Inside the name...
...Why "Deep Blue"?

Pharuz - is the ancient name of Pharos